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Dear all -
Attached images of a mid 15th century blue and white mallow-shaped dish, D. 31.5 cm, H. 6.1 cm, FD. 16.5, decorated to the centre with a qilin of leonine form - a rarer form then the more usual cervine type - with flame amongst plantain leaves/grasses, framed by four mountains/hills and opposing pairs of chrysanthemum and lotus flowers to the cavetto, the exterior with two ‘kui’ - makata - dragons with long, intricate flowing bodies/tails.
The qilin and dragons heads are very similar, all the motifs are quickly/ freely drawn with a very wet brush, and the overall composition displays the power and boldness seen on these type of ware. The foot-rim is deeply undercut, a known feature seen on bowls and dishes from this period and now thought to have commenced in the very late Xuande period.
This dish is rather damaged, with two broken rim sections, four other rim cracks and several glaze hairlines to the body.
It is, however, very rare and the only other comparable piece is a broken dish recovered from the Hoi An wreak, which is of similar shape and central design, but with four lotus flowers on the cavetto and exterior lotus scroll - attached colour and black/white images.
Only one other similar dish, in a private Hong Kong collection, with a plain rim, central phoenix amongst lotus, similar cavetto designs and exterior kui dragons design appears to be know.
Stuart
So are both these dishes from roughly the same period? I can see the basic pattern is similar but the way they are depicted seems quite different. The shipwreck qilin looks much scarier and almost like it has a beak.
I haven't heard of the differentiation between leonine and cervine qilins. Are cervine ones smoother?
Hi Julia -
Both of these pieces date to the mid/late Zhengtong period - so 1440's.
The differences in the overall design is purely down to two different painters, who used the same basic pattern and then freely interpreted the design elements in there own way. Unlike the rigorous quality controls on Imperial pieces, where any deviation from approved designs resulted in destruction, this freedom of expression is commonly seen on minyao/private kiln wares.
On Yuan blue/white wares the qilin motif usually appears in two forms, one is a sort of powerful leonine beast, the other a more graceful cervine type. The mid 15th C minyao kilns freely used/mixed elements of both types, although the leonine type is much rarer.
I'll post images of Yuan examples for comparison ....
Stuart
Yuan blue and whit flask and dish with ‘leonine and cervine’ type qilin motifs
Stuart
Hi Birgit -
You are quite correct, the Hoi An was carrying Vietnamese ceramics and around 250,000 pieces were recovered, some very rare and high quality. However, a very small number of Chinese blue and white bowls and dishes were also found, all recovered within the same area of the wreak site. Based on painting style and motifs used, these Chinese pieces have been attributed to the mid 15th century, and are believed to have been either vessels used by the crew, or possibly private trade wares.
Hi Julia -
My pleasure to share ...
Stuart
Stuart, thanks for the lesson and the pics. Just a little smarter now then when I got up this morning.
I know this piece is of far better quality than I could afford but I noticed there is no oxide ring at the glaze edge. This ring is obviously a not hard rule as I thought in authenticating Ming?
Hi Ronm -
My apologises - the original images posted did not really show the red/orange oxide edge to the glaze line. This dish does exhibit thus feature but it is quite faint on the outside foot edge, yet slightly more prominent to the inner foot - additional images attached to show this.
Excavations of some private kilns in Jingdezhen have uncovered shards of exceptional high quality, which are know thought to indicate either princely or elite patronage and commission, and that this would indicate that such workshops/kilns had access to the very best materials.
This dish is thinly potted, the paste is very hard, compact and fairly refined and the body/glaze exhibits limited impurities such as iron-spots. This may indicate this was a fairly high quality piece when ordered.
Stuart
Thank you all, great post. Helpful info about differences. I haven't heard of the differentiation between leonine and cervine qilins. But saw them painted and sowed with different body structure.
Thanks,
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