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About Me
Borosilicate
Glass is a specialized form of glass that uses boric acid as a component in its
fabrication. The result of the addition of the element boron is a type of glass that
is very resistant to thermal shock and exhibits a much lower coefficient of thermal
expansion than that of common silicate glass. In this article, a review of
borosilicate glass will be presented, including its development, properties, and
uses.
Development of Borosilicate Glass
Back in 1882, a German chemist named Otto Schott was interested in experimenting
with ways to create glass that had the ability to withstand sudden changes in
temperature or exposure to uneven temperatures without shattering. In that year, he
made the discovery that ushered in the creation of the <a
href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/borosilicate-glass/borosilicate-glass-
tube/">Borosilicate Glass Tube. Schott discovered that the addition of the
element Boron to the glass fabrication process resulted in a heat-resistant form of
glass.
Later work by chemists W.C. Taylor and Eugene Sullivan at Corning Glass refined
the efforts of Otto Schott and expanded the temperature resistant properties of
borosilicate glass. As a result of these innovations, customized glass fabrication
grew, where there is now over a million different formulations of glass that can be
customized for specific product needs by enhancing the desired physical and
mechanical properties of glass.
Perhaps the most well-known application for borosilicate glass grew from further
research at Corning Glass. After joining the company in 1914, physicist Jesse
Littleton was given the task of testing and evaluating the physical properties of the
newly created glass formulation. After his wife’s ceramic casserole dish
accidentally broke, she suggested that perhaps this newly developed heat resistant
glass might prove to be a useful product for baking. After she tested the notion by
baking a cake in a sample glass container that Littleton had brought home, a new use
for <a href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/borosilicate-glass/borosilicate-
glass-rod/">Borosilicate Glass Rod was born – glass cookware. Corning Glass
introduced a line of products known as Pyrex®[1], which was for many years of its
manufacturing run produced using borosilicate glass.
Properties of Borosilicate Glass
Borosilicate glass is generally chemically resistant, but perhaps its most
remarkable physical property is its low coefficient of thermal expansion, which
explains why the glass can resist shattering under sudden rapid changes in
temperature. Glass generally is a poor conductor of heat, so when you take hot glass
and immerse it in cold water, the exterior of the glass cools rapidly while the
interior does not. The stresses caused by the temperature differential cause the
glass to shatter.
With <a href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/borosilicate-
glass/borosilicate-glass-solar-vacuum-tube/">Borosilicate Glass Solar Vacuum
Tube, the addition of boric acid (H3BO3) to the formulation results in a glass
that has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, which means that when the glass is
heated or cooled, it does not expand or contract very much. This dimensional
stability is what enables borosilicate glass to be capable of withstanding rapid and
extreme temperature changes without cracking.
The chemical composition of borosilicate glass typically consists of around 81%
silicon dioxide (SiO2) and 13% boron trioxide (B2O3) with lesser concentrations of
sodium oxide and aluminum oxide. (Note that the concentrations of boric oxide can
vary, 5-13% is typical). The element Boron is what provides the glass with its
dimensional stability so that the material doesn’t shrink or grow as the temperature
to which it is exposed changes.
Applications of Borosilicate Glass
The initial problem that was attempting to be solved at the time that Otto Schott
began experimenting with glass formulations was to create a glass that could stand up
against extreme temperature exposure. For example, the glass that was used in
lanterns at that time would end up shattering or cracking in rainy conditions because
the cold rain on the exterior surface of the glass caused a large temperature
gradient when compared with the temperature of the hot interior face.
Once borosilicate <a
href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/pharmaceutical-glass/">Pharmaceutical
Glass became available, its applications became immediately apparent. Some of the
common uses for borosilicate glass include:
-
Laboratory glassware
-
Scientific lenses and hot mirrors
-
Bakeware and cookware
Laboratory glassware
The high dimensional stability and ability to tolerate exposure to different
temperatures at the same time make borosilicate glass a natural material choice from
which to create laboratory <a
href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/borosilicate-glassware/">Borosilicate
Glassware, also called labware. Petri dishes, microscope slides, <a
href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/borosilicate-glassware/borosilicate-
bottle-and-cup/">Borosilicate Bottle and Cups, beakers, flasks, test tubes,
funnels, and measuring instruments such as graduated cylinders are all common
examples. Besides the favorable thermal properties, borosilicate glass is very
resistant and non-reactive to most chemicals.
Scientific lenses and hot mirrors
Borosilicate glass can be molded into high precision optical components such as
lenses for use in telescopes and other precision optical devices. The low coefficient
of thermal expansion for borosilicate glass means that the optical properties of the
lenses will be stable over changes in temperature as the glass lens will not
significantly change its dimensions. The glass is also ideal for use in hot mirrors
that reflect infrared light.
Bakeware and cookware
Among its first and most common uses is in the creation of household cookware and
bakeware. The thermal properties of <a
href="https://www.chinaborosilicateglass.com/borosilicate-glassware/kitchen-
glassware/">Kitchen Glassware allow it to be transported from a hot oven to a
cool countertop without fear of cracking or shattering. It is also used in products
such as measuring cups and is safe for use in microwave ovens and dishwashers.
Occupation
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A free Asian art discussion board and Asian art message board for dealers and collectors of art and antiques from China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and the rest of Asia. Linked to all of the BidAmount Asian art reference areas, with videos from plcombs Asian Art and Bidamount on YouTube. Sign up also for the weekly BidAmount newsletter and catalogs of active eBay listing of Chinese porcelain, bronze, jades, robes, and paintings.
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